Dynamics of Geopolitical Configuration in the Middle East

The dynamics of the geopolitical configuration in the Middle East reflect the historical, economic and social complexities that have shaped the region for centuries. Various factors, such as natural resources, conflict, and shifts in global power, have contributed to rapid changes in the political landscape in this region. First, energy resources, especially oil and gas, are a key factor in creating geopolitical tensions. Oil-producing countries such as Saudi Arabia, Iraq and Iran are often at the center of global power play. With increasing energy needs in large countries such as China and India, control over energy distribution channels has increased the risk of tensions between these countries. Tensions between Sunnis and Shiites also strengthen geopolitical dynamics in the Middle East. The rivalry between Sunni Saudi Arabia and Shia Iran is one of the key conflicts affecting countries in the region. The Yemen war and the crisis in Syria are clear examples of the impact of this sectarian shift on regional stability. The role of major powers, especially the United States and Russia, influences political dynamics in the Middle East. US military interventions in Iraq and Afghanistan had long-term impacts, including the emergence of extremist groups such as ISIS. On the other hand, Russia is strengthening itself by supporting the Bashar al-Assad regime in Syria, which has raised concerns about the Kremlin’s dominance in the region. Political economy also plays an important role in the geopolitical configuration of the Middle East. Economic instability caused by war, sanctions, and corruption results in social discontent that often leads to protests and uprisings. This environment can reduce the legitimacy of the ruler and present opportunities for opposition groups. The position of small countries, such as Qatar and the United Arab Emirates, is getting stronger in regional diplomacy. Through large investments and good relations with the West, they have succeeded in exploiting their strategic position to become mediators in various conflicts. Track II diplomacy and other international relations initiatives allow them to act as mediators in tensions involving great powers. The transition to the digital era also brings new dynamics in regional geopolitical mapping. Social media has been used to build public opinion, organize demonstrations, and encourage social change. This influences the way governments interact with their people, as well as the strategies of global leaders in responding to local issues. The geostrategic environment of the Middle East is increasingly complex with the emergence of new challenges such as cyber security, climate change and migration. These issues require a multilateral approach that involves more actors, including NGOs and international organizations, in finding solutions. Looking ahead, the prognosis for the Middle East shows the potential for more conflict, but also includes elements of dialogue and collaboration. In this context, strengthening cooperation in the economic and social fields can be a strategic step to reduce existing tensions. Initiatives that are inclusive and adaptive to local dynamics will be key going forward, given the complexity and uncertainty that continues to haunt the region.